Which method can be most effective for removing viruses from water?

Ozonation is recognized as an effective method for removing viruses from water due to the powerful oxidative properties of ozone. Ozone, a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, is a strong disinfectant that can inactivate a wide range of pathogens, including viruses. When ozone is introduced into water, it reacts with organic material and microorganisms, effectively breaking down their structures and rendering them inactive.

One of the significant advantages of ozonation is its ability to achieve disinfection without leaving residual chemicals in the water, which is a common concern with other methods like chlorination. Additionally, ozone can penetrate cell walls of viruses and disrupt their genetic material, making it particularly effective against certain resistant strains.

In comparison, while filtration can physically remove some viruses, it may not be entirely effective against smaller virus particles unless specific types of membranes are used. Chlorination, though widely used, can sometimes be less effective on certain viral pathogens and can create harmful by-products. Boiling water is an effective way to kill viruses by applying heat but may not be practical for large-scale treatment or supply. Ozonation, therefore, stands out for its efficiency and effectiveness in virus removal in water treatment processes.