What principle do diaphragm pumps operate on?

Diaphragm pumps operate on the principle of varying chamber size, which is fundamental to how they move fluids. These pumps utilize a flexible diaphragm that expands and contracts within a chamber, thereby increasing and decreasing the volume of the chamber. When the diaphragm moves down, the volume of the chamber enlarges, creating a vacuum that draws fluid into the chamber. Conversely, when the diaphragm moves back up, it reduces the chamber's volume, forcing the fluid out through the discharge valve. This action creates a pulsating flow characteristic of diaphragm pumps.

This principle is effective for handling a variety of fluids, including those that are viscous or contain solids, because the diaphragm allows for a sealed system that can operate without the typical concerns of cavitation or leakage seen in other pump types. Additionally, the ability to vary the chamber size provides precise control over the flow rate, making diaphragm pumps versatile in many applications, including chemical dosing and food processing.