What is the term for the process that selectively destroys or inactivates pathogenic organisms in water?

The term for the process that selectively destroys or inactivates pathogenic organisms in water is disinfection. This process is critical in water treatment because it ensures the safety of water by reducing or eliminating harmful microorganisms that can cause disease. Disinfection typically involves methods such as chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, or ozone treatment, all targeted toward pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

Disinfection is specifically focused on pathogens, making it distinct from other processes. For example, filtration primarily removes suspended solids and particulates but does not necessarily kill pathogens. Purification encompasses broader actions that may include disinfection but also addresses the removal of contaminants without necessarily focusing solely on microorganisms. Clarification, on the other hand, is aimed at removing turbidity and may involve sedimentation processes to clear up water but does not inherently ensure the inactivation of pathogens.

In the context of water treatment and safety, disinfection is a fundamental step to provide potable water and protect public health.