What is the purpose of enhanced coagulation in water treatment?

Enhanced coagulation is implemented in water treatment primarily to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from the water. NOM can originate from various sources such as decaying plants and animals, and if not adequately removed, it can lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts when chlorine or other disinfectants are used.

Enhanced coagulation involves adjusting the coagulation process, typically by adding coagulants like aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride at optimized dosages, to promote the aggregation of smaller particulate organic materials into larger flocs that can be more easily removed during sedimentation and filtration. This process is particularly crucial in meeting regulatory requirements for drinking water quality and ensuring the safety of the water supply by minimizing the potential for adverse health impacts.

In contrast, increasing water temperature, removing minerals, or adding chemicals for disinfection do not directly address the need to efficiently eliminate natural organic matter, which is the main focus of enhanced coagulation techniques in water treatment facilities.