What does specific capacity measure in relation to water wells?

Specific capacity is a crucial metric in hydrology and well management that measures the efficiency at which a well can deliver water. Specifically, it quantifies the yield of water from the well per unit of drawdown, which indicates how much the water level drops in the well due to pumping.

This measurement is typically expressed in units such as gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. It provides valuable insight into the well's ability to sustain a certain flow rate under pumping conditions, helping operators assess the well's performance and capacity over time. Understanding specific capacity is essential for proper well management and ensuring that the water supply meets demand without depleting the aquifer.

The focus on yield per unit of drawdown distinguishes specific capacity from other concepts like pressure buildup, flow rate efficiency, or water quality, each of which addresses different aspects of well performance and operation.