What does conventional filtration in water treatment involve?

Conventional filtration in water treatment is a multi-step process that primarily aims to remove suspended solids, bacteria, and other impurities from water. The process begins with the addition of coagulant chemicals, which help to agglomerate smaller particles into larger flocs. This step is essential because it enhances the subsequent sedimentation step, where these larger flocs settle out of the water column.

After sedimentation, where the heavier particles fall to the bottom of the treatment basin, the water is then passed through a filtration system. This is typically done using sand or other media that captures any remaining finer particles and microorganisms. Therefore, the combination of coagulant addition, followed by sedimentation and filtration, effectively clarifies the water and improves its quality for consumption.

This process contrasts with other methods described in the alternative choices. For example, heating or boiling water is a method primarily used for disinfection and not for conventional filtration. Similarly, the use of membranes pertains to more modern filtration techniques, such as microfiltration or reverse osmosis, which differ from conventional filtration practices.