In centrifugal pumps, what determines the pressure generated?

In centrifugal pumps, the pressure generated is primarily determined by the impeller rotation speed. When the impeller rotates, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, converting that kinetic energy into pressure as the fluid exits the impeller and moves into the volute or diffuser. The faster the impeller spins, the more energy it transfers to the fluid, resulting in higher pressures.

The design and efficiency of the impeller, combined with the operational speed, directly impact the pump's ability to generate pressure. This relationship is central to the pump's functionality, making rotation speed a critical factor in its performance.

While factors like mechanical seal integrity, fluid viscosity, and volute design can affect overall pump operation and efficiency, they do not directly dictate the pressure that the pump can generate in the same way that the impeller speed does. The correct answer emphasizes the key mechanics of pressure generation in centrifugal pumps.