In a filtration process, what is the primary purpose of flocculation?

The primary purpose of flocculation in a filtration process is to form clumps of particles, known as flocs, which facilitates their removal from water. This process involves the addition of chemicals called flocculants that encourage small particles to aggregate into larger clusters. When these larger flocs are formed, they can be more easily separated from the water, either through sedimentation or filtration.

This aggregation process enhances the efficiency of subsequent stages in water treatment, such as sedimentation, where the heavier flocs settle to the bottom, or filtration, where they can be trapped by a filter medium. By ensuring that particles clump together, flocculation effectively improves the overall clarity and quality of the water being treated.

In this context, the other choices do not accurately describe flocculation's function. Decreasing water temperature or increasing flow rate does not relate to the aggregation of particles, and while disinfection is a critical part of water treatment, it involves different processes such as chlorination or UV treatment rather than flocculation.